Emission tests = TAX GRAB!!! It's such ********. Here in Ontario Canada we have to have our cars tested every two years, thankfully our bikes are safe for now. Costs us $35 bucks every time, our cars pass everytime, for what? 80% of southern Ontario's emissions come from industry and coal fired hydro plants in the mid west states. NOTHING we do to our cars here is ever gonna change or help that. Wayne