One thing to think about...
"I wonder how they came up with 20w50 in Troy Michigan..." Probably because they have plenty of hot and cold fluctuation in temperature?
One thing I do have to point out is that often not using manufacture suggested fluids will void warranties.
Why would they want you to put something other than the best fluid for the bike? They don't want people going out there and having sub-par results. After all they had a reputation to uphold. if a bike ran poorly on their suggested oil, they'd probably suggest a different oil. To me, it's as simple as that.
straight 50 might be good if you're in a always hot climate. I imagine here in ohio when it's 55 degrees out, that 50w oil is going to be thick as hell. causing the engine to get poor oil flow, as a result you could be looking at engine damage. SOOO we put in 20w50 so that when it's colder the oil has a lower viscosity allowing it to flow easily through a cold engine. if the oil is too viscous it's just going to shear off and not coat the internals properly.
Anything less than 50 in a hot engine might once again be too viscous.
in my mind: too thick = screwed, too thin = screwed. 20w50 = just right.
Additionally, if you're in a hot climate, the oil is going to heat up to full viscosity much faster then it would in a cold climate. I don't think you need to know the science behind it to understand what it does and why it does it. After all, many years and millions of dollars have been put into reducing all the science of oil down to a few numbers for us to understand. These are numbers that should be taken at face value.
correct me if I'm wrong, but if the manufacture of the machine says 20w50 they probably have a reason.
Put in what you want, I'm using what the manufacture says to put in.
Hey, it's not rocket science, it's fluid dynamics