Baal your first ?; the filter is to vent those gases to the outside of the crankcase and yes to prevent any debris from getting sucked into the rocker cover (valve cover).
maybe i dont understand your second Question but, without a filter to let the gases ESCAPE from the crankcase or vented back into the air intake to be burned in the combustion chamber,, it would build up excessive pressure in the crankcase and also cause poor idle , it is a pcv valve just like on your car either vented to the outside atmosphere or vented back into air intake (pcv valve uses vacuum from the intake manifold to draw the fumes from the crankcase).the thing is that the oil mist and any condensation is suposed to drain back and return to the crankcase through oil passageways in the cylinder head, That's how it 's designed to work , but if they are fine enough ( small enough atomized) the they flow with the gases from the crankcase up through the hose and back into the air intake to be burned in the combustion chamber,( this for EPA emissions regulation to keep crankcases gases from causing any air more pollution but those crankcase gases dont burn very well and is not ideal for your engine to operate at its best , and the burning of thoses crankcase gases and the oil mist and condensation has an effect on how well your engine runs and causes it to actually get bad fuel ecomony ) or if you have this mod the gases escape to the outside of the crankcase and the oil and condensation flow from gravity to the catch can or drain . with this mod there is no real vacuum pulling the gases from the crancase just vented to the out side air presure which is less pressure than in the crankcase and /or rocker covers there for it vents the gases to the outside atmosphere air.